Emergence of a virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Taiwan in 2018

In March 2018, an abortion storm caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was confirmed in a farrow‐to‐finish pig herd in Taiwan. Open reading frame 5 and non‐structural protein 2 of the virus confirmed that the virus is closely related to the virulent strains circulating in the United States.     

Deferoxamine promotes recovery of traumatic spinal cord injury by inhibiting ferroptosis

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent novel cell death pathway. Deferoxamine, a ferroptosis inhibitor, has been reported to promote spinal cord injury repair. It has yet to be clarified whether ferroptosis inhibition represents the mechanism of action of Deferoxamine on spinal cord injury recovery. A rat model of Deferoxamine at thoracic 10 segment was established using a modified Allen's method. Ninety 8-week-old female Wistar rats were used. Rats in the Deferoxamine group were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg Deferoxamine 30 minutes before injury. Simultaneously, the Sham and Deferoxamine groups served as controls. Drug administration was conducted for 7 consecutive days. The results were as follows:(1) Electron microscopy revealed shrunken mitochondria in the spinal cord injury group.(2) The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor rating score showed that recovery of the hindlimb was remarkably better in the Deferoxamine group than in the spinal cord injury group.(3) The iron concentration was lower in the Deferoxamine group than in the spinal cord injury group after injury.(4) Western blot assay revealed that, compared with the spinal cord injury group, GPX4, xCT, and glutathione expression was markedly increased in the Deferoxamine group.(5) Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that, compared with the Deferoxamine group, mRNA levels of ferroptosis-related genes Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 2(ACSF2) and iron-responsive element-binding protein 2(IREB2) were up-regulated in the Deferoxamine group.(6) Deferoxamine increased survival of neurons and inhibited gliosis. These findings confirm that Deferoxamine can repair spinal cord injury by inhibiting ferroptosis. Targeting ferroptosis is therefore a promising therapeutic approach for spinal cord injury.     

玻璃体内注射联合全身应用更昔洛韦治疗AIDS合并巨细胞病毒视网膜炎的临床疗效

目的　观察玻璃体内注射联合全身应用更昔洛韦治疗AIDS合并巨细胞病毒视网膜炎（cytomegalovirus retinitis,CMVR）的临床疗效。方法　收集2016年1月至2018年1月在广西医科大学第一附属医院收治的AIDS合并CMVR患者7例13眼。患者全身用药为更昔洛韦和膦甲酸钠注射液，更昔洛韦 5.0～7.5 mg·kg^-1，每天2次静脉滴注；成人每次给予膦甲酸钠3 g，每天3次静脉滴注；同时在局部玻璃体内注射更昔洛韦。治疗前后对比的指标有:最佳矫正视力、眼压、眼底照相情况、视觉诱发电位、眼电图和视网膜电图等检查；检测指标包括CD4+T细胞计数，血液、前房水、玻璃体CMV-DNA病毒载量等。通过检查结果辅助判断治疗效果。结果　6例患者治疗后最佳矫正视力为（0.72±0.83）logMAR，较治疗前（1.14±0.83）logMAR提高（P=0.001），其中1例患者经过全身和局部抗病毒治疗后视力不提高。患者治疗前后眼压均在正常范围内，治疗前为（13.62±3.04）mmHg（1 kPa=7.5 mmHg），治疗后为（12.77±2.89）mmHg，差异无统计学意义（P=0.119）。注药后患者眼底病变范围逐渐变小（P<0.05）。治疗1个月后，患者视觉诱发电位N2-P2振幅及眼电图光峰电位较治疗前升高（均为P<0.05），视觉诱发电位P2潜伏期和视网膜电图（明适应）a波及b波潜伏期和振幅治疗前后差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。3例患者治疗前血液中CMV-DNA病毒载量检测为阴性，1例患者2眼经过治疗后眼内液中CMV-DNA病毒载量检测为阴性。治疗前玻璃体CMV-DNA病毒载量均明显高于前房水，而前房水CMV-DNA病毒载量又明显高于血液（均为P<0.05），说明三个部位的CMV-DNA病毒载量从高到低的排列顺序为玻璃体>前房水>血液。治疗后玻璃体、前房水CMV-DNA病毒载量均低于治疗前，差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）。治疗前后血液CMV-DNA病毒载量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗前后CD4+T 细胞计数差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗前CD4+T细胞计数与眼内液、血液CMV-DNA病毒载量均呈负相关关系（均为P<0.05）；治疗过程中，CD4+T细胞计数与眼内液CMV-DNA病毒载量无相关关系（均为P>0.05），与血液CMV-DNA病毒载量呈负相关关系（P<0.05），但两者之间不存在直线回归关系（P>0.05）。治疗前及治疗过程中玻璃体CMV-DNA病毒载量与前房水CMV-DNA病毒载量均存在正相关关系（回归方程分别为:Y=20 178.973+0.165X，Y=171 849.77+0.168X，均为P<0.05）。所有患者术中和术后均未出现严重并发症。结论　静脉滴注抗病毒药物联合玻璃体内注射小剂量更昔洛韦是治疗AIDS合并CMVR安全有效的治疗方法。     

儿童反复上呼吸道感染补充维生素D后LL-37水平的变化研究

背景　流行病学调查显示全球大约有10亿人存在维生素D缺乏或不足，我国维生素D缺乏尤为严重。反复上呼吸道感染作为小儿常见病及多发病，严重影响小儿身心健康，维生素D缺乏是导致抗菌肽LL-37下调的主要原因，因此维生素D缺乏越来越引起人们的重视。目的　探讨反复上呼吸道感染患儿补充维生素D后LL-37水平变化。方法　选取2017年5-11月河北大学附属医院门诊就诊的反复上呼吸道感染并存在维生素D不足或缺乏的患儿54例，采用随机数字表法分为试验组及对照组，每组各27例。试验组给予常规治疗联合补充维生素D，对照组给予常规治疗联合安慰剂，随访12个月，记录治疗前和治疗后12个月时上呼吸道感染次数，检测血浆25-羟维生素D3及痰上清LL-37的变化。结果　45例患儿完成了随访，试验组23例，对照组22例。治疗前，两组患儿上呼吸道感染次数、血浆25-羟维生素D3及痰上清LL-37水平比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；治疗后12个月，试验组患儿上呼吸道感染次数少于对照组，血浆25-羟维生素D3、痰上清LL-37水平高于对照组（P<0.05）。对照组患儿治疗前后上呼吸道感染次数、血浆25-羟维生素D3及痰上清LL-37水平比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；试验组患儿治疗后12个月上呼吸道感染次数少于治疗前，血浆25-羟维生素D3、痰上清LL-37水平高于治疗前（P<0.05）。Pearson直线相关分析结果显示，试验组治疗后12个月血浆25-羟维生素D3与痰上清LL-37呈正相关（r=0.505，P<0.05）。结论　补充维生素D有助于减少反复上呼吸道感染患儿上呼吸道感染次数，这种作用可能与LL-37产生增加有关。     

玉屏风处方原料农药残留和重金属及有害元素分析

目的:参照《中华人民共和国药典》对玉屏风处方中黄芪、白术和防风3种药材、饮片不同产地的有机氯类农药残留和重金属及有害元素含量进行检测和分析,以期对玉屏风制剂生产原料的选择提供一定参考依据。方法:采用气相色谱法测定有机氯类农药残留量,采用原子吸收分光光度法测定砷、镉、铅、铜、汞含量。结果:除个别产地的防风和白术中的镉和铜超标外,玉屏风处方中黄芪、白术和防风药材、饮片的重金属及有害元素含量和有机氯类农药残留量均符合《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》等相关标准规定。结论:玉屏风处方药材、饮片农药残留和重金属及有害元素残留安全可控。     

基于证候要素的中风辨证论治

中风病是临床的常见病、多发病。本病病因较多,病情变化迅速,证型繁杂,不同的文献中证候分类差异较大。证候分类的繁杂给临床工作者治疗中风病带来极大不便。本文对以证候要素(内风、内火、痰湿、瘀血、气虚、阴虚)为切入点论治中风病的理论进行探讨,并举例论证其临床疗效。     

TP53 alterations in relapsed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

TP53 alterations are frequent relapse‐acquired mutations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The present study evaluated the clinical significance of relapsed childhood ALL in Taiwan. Diagnostic and/or relapsed bone marrow or peripheral blood was obtained from 111 children with relapsed ALL who were initially treated by using Taiwan Pediatric Oncology Group (TPOG) ALL protocols from January 1997 to May 2018. Mutations were detected by PCR and sequencing, as well as by multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification to detect copy number alterations. Copy number and/or sequence alterations of TP53 were detected in 29% (28 of 98) and in 46% (6 of 13) of patients with relapsed B‐cell and T‐cell ALL, respectively. This incidence was much higher than that in several similar studies conducted in Caucasian populations. Seventy percent of all TP53 alterations were gained at relapse in 67 matched samples by back‐tracking matched diagnostic samples. TP53 alterations were associated with lower 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates (P = .013 and P = .0002, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed the prognostic significance of TP53 alterations. Forty‐five patients received hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantations post‐relapse. Patients with TP53 alterations (14/45) had inferior 5‐year EFS and OS than patients without TP53 alterations after transplantation (P = .002 and P = .001, respectively). The significance of these TP53 alterations for patients who received transplantations was confirmed by multivariate analysis. In conclusion, TP53 alterations were enriched and useful as prognostic markers in relapsed childhood ALL.     

气机逆乱是脓毒症MODS的根本病机

脓毒症是机体对于感染导致失调的宿主反应所引发的危及生命的器官功能障碍或衰竭。多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)是脓毒症的严重并发症,也是脓毒症高死亡率的主要原因。本文从中医气机升降出入角度讨论MODS发生,认为脓毒症时外邪引起的脏腑气机升降出入失常,即气机逆乱是MODS发生的根本病机,且其具有始于肺、困于中焦,后期气血皆乱的特点。临床应重视调理气机,升降相宜,初期重在治肺,宜调气降气,尤重视恢复中焦气机,后期调气不忘治血。     

"肺炎1号"治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎451例多中心临床研究

目的:观察“肺炎1号”治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床疗效。方法:选取2020年2月17日至2020年3月15日湖北省中医院、监利县中医院、蕲春县人民医院、潜江市中医院、洪湖市中医医院、阳新县中医医院、浠水县中医院、大冶市中医医院、汉川市人民医院、武昌方舱医院收治的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者451例,采用“肺炎1号”联合西医常规治疗,观察“肺炎1号”对新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的临床症状、舌象、实验室检查结果及肺部CT情况。结果:共纳入451例患者,其中轻型21例,普通型378例,重型46例,危重型6例。疑似病例6例(1.33%),临床诊断病例168例(37.25%),确诊病例277例(61.42%)。治疗后与治疗前比较,患者发热、咳嗽、乏力主要症状发生率显著降低(P<0.05);恶寒、鼻塞、流涕、打喷嚏、咽部痒、咽痛、呼吸困难、胸闷、肌肉酸痛或关节疼痛、头晕头痛、纳差、恶心呕吐、腹胀、大便稀溏症状发生率显著改善(P<0.05);白细胞计数、中性粒细胞绝对值变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);淋巴细胞绝对值明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);C反应蛋白、降钙素原明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。退热时间3(1～3.25)d。229例患者舌质由红或绛逐渐转为淡红,好转率为75.58%;177例患者白腻苔、厚腻苔、黄腻苔明显变薄,好转率为65.31%。新型冠状病毒核酸转阴时间为8(5,11)d。415例(92.02%)肺部CT明显好转,主要表现在病灶面积减小,变薄变淡。达到出院标准430例,临床治愈率95.34%;好转15例;无效3例;死亡3例(0.67%)。治疗过程中,未见明显不良反应,临床应用安全。结论:“肺炎1号”结合西医常规治疗对新型冠状病毒肺炎有较好的治疗作用,能够快速稳定病情,阻断轻型、普通型向重型、危重型转化;明显改善患者临床症状;较好促进肺部炎性反应吸收;使用安全可靠。     

肠炎1号对肝郁脾虚型溃疡性结肠炎患者的疗效

目的:观察肠炎1号中药液对肝郁脾虚型溃疡性结肠炎患者的疗效。方法:选取2017年8月至2018年8月武汉市第八医院收治的肝郁脾虚型溃疡性结肠炎患者70例作为研究对象，按随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组，每组35例。对照组于美沙拉嗪缓释颗粒常规治疗，观察组在对照组基础上加用肠炎1号中药液。治疗后评估患者治疗前后的临床症状及疗效。检测并比较患者外周血清中T细胞相关炎性反应递质的水平，比较2组治疗前后免疫组织化学阳性细胞分布面积。结果:治疗后，对照组治疗有效率为42.86%，明显高于观察组的65.71%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；2组患者白细胞介素-17（IL-4）和IL-4和IL-10水平较治疗前升高，IL-17和γ干扰素（IFN-γ）水平降低，IFN-γ/IL-4和IL-17/IL-10的比值较治疗前降低，但观察组降幅更明显,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患者NLRP-6、Caspase-1、IL-18基因降低，观察组比对照组降低更明显，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:肠炎1号中药液对肝郁脾虚型溃疡性结肠炎具有较好的治疗效果，并能够促使T细胞Th1/Th2及Th17/Treg介导炎性反应递质朝炎性抑制方向转化。